A dental cavity, which generally presents itself as a black or brown stain on the tooth, is caused by an uncontrolled proliferation of bacteria on the surface of the tooth. A diet high in sugar provides the bacteria with nutrition, and the by-product is an acid that attacks our enamel (outer layer of our tooth). During a thorough dental examination the dentist will detect the early stages of a cavity. Initially, the cavity is not painful, but as the decay process develops, bacteria will progress towards the inner layer of the tooth (the pulp) and cause the following consequences:

> Sensitivity to hot and/or cold
> Infection of the pulp and/or dental abscess that may require a root canal
> Irreversible damage to the tooth that can lead to its extraction

Despite it being a common condition and easy to treat, it is nevertheless preferable to prevent dental cavities from developing.

> Avoid the consumption of foods and beverages that are sticky or high in sugar
> Maintain good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing your teeth
> Perform routine check-ups with your dentist and/or undertake preventative treatments such as an application of fluoride, or placing sealants on the surfaces of your teeth.

If your dentist diagnoses a dental cavity, they will proceed with a dental filling on the tooth and/or teeth affected by the cavity. The dental fillings are done with a composite material or with white colored porcelain to match the color of your teeth. This treatment can be done with or without local anesthetic. The ultimate goal of treating a dental cavity is to prevent the spreading and proliferation of bacteria.